Me'yar معیار

دو افسانہ نگار: رحمان مذنب اور منٹو (مع رحمان مذنب کے افسانوں کی نمائندہ لفظیات)

حافظ صفوان محمد; ڈاکٹر ذیشان تبسم — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article is a furtherance of Dr Vazir Agha's article on the comparative study of the craft & style of short-story writing of Manto and Rahman Muznib. Discussing the genre of Rahman Muznib in contemporary worldview and peeping through the movie 'Heera Mandi' of Ram Leela Bhansali (2024), the author ends up with developing an 85-entries long Radical Metaphor of Rahman Muznib.

تہذیب، تاریخ و ثقافتی عناصر کا سفر ناموں میں اظہار

ڈاکٹر اسرار احمد کولاچی — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Impact of tavelling is too much upon the human beings, in history,civilisation and culture. Man has been in travelling from the very beginning. The exodus of Hazrat Adam(AS), from paradise to earth was probably first journey of the human being. Although this shifting to earth was due to some misunderstanding or sin. Since then man has been travelling from place to place. Travelling is also ordained in Surah Anaam, verse- 11, which says, “Take to the road and see the result of those who lie”. By travelling one gets guidance and experience, thus culture and civilisation developed gradually and slowly by the experiences shared by predecessors in different ways from time to time. With the passage of time men learnt to write and the facts were written on different things. Then paper was prepared to write on.

After long span of time history, civilisation and culture had been written in the shape of diary, letters and safarnama (Travelogues). In this paper it has been pin pointed that how could be presented civilisation, culture and history in travelogues by the literary figures. Travelogues are catchy branch of literature and many readers are fond of this branch of literature.

علی اکبر عباس کی رچنا کے موضوعات اور اسلوب کا تنقیدی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

ڈاکٹر محمد زیارف — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Ali Akbar Abbas is a renowned Urdu poet since 1960s. He has written eight literary books including Ghazals, Nazms, Geets and Manzoom Tarajim.He translated KAFIES" of HAZRAT BA BA BHULLA SHAH in Urdu verse and ZABOR-I-AJAM of IQBAL in Punjabi verse.

He is the most famous for his literary book" RACHNA ". In this book, he revealed the true story of dying Punjabi culture of RACHNA DO-AAB in the form of Ghazals. Now the village life has changed due to the uses of technology ,i.e mobile phone and internet. In these circumstances RACHNA is a complete history of the past Punjabi villages and rural cultural life. After reading this book the reader understand that dying ritual and cultural history of the Rachna Do-Aab of Punjab.

In this essay, I intend to study to analyze the theme, ideas and the features of the stylistic art of RACHNA.

رباعیات جوش کا فنی مطالعہ

ڈاکٹر سید توقیر حسین شاہ; ڈاکٹر آفاق خالد — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Quatrain is the most technicial type of Urdu and Persian poetry which is called in ‘Rubai’ in both literatures. Quatrain is considered a difficult type of poetry because of its twenty-four specific meters (buhoor). Despite of all difficulties it is very popular and attractive in the eyes of general people. Quatrain contain totally on four lines. Josh Malihabadi is considered a popular poet with the reference of his urdu poems and urdu quatrains (rubaiyat) however he also expreesed his views and thoughts in different types of poetry. He wrote three complete books of urdu quatrains i.e Junoon-o-Hikmat, Nujoom-o-Jawahir & Qatra-o-Qulzum. Moreover, a big number of his quatrain is included in other books of his poetry. Josh Malihabadi’s quatrains reflect the topics of religion, socialism, politics and romance etc. In his quatrains, Josh Malihabadi also criticize on poticila and religious leaders who are far from the realities of life and misguiding their followers. In this article, a technical review of his quatrains is taken and critically dicussed.

اردو افسانہ اور کشمیر میں ہونے والی ناانصافیاں

ڈاکٹر طاہر محمود — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The Kashmir issue did not originate after the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947; rather, it was a premeditated problem deliberately sustained by colonial powers to maintain discord between India and Pakistan. The roots of the conflict trace back to the Treaty of Lahore in 1846, under which the British sold the region of Kashmir to the Hindu Dogra ruler, Gulab Singh, for 7.5 million rupees. Under Dogra rule, Kashmiri Muslims faced extreme oppression—socially, politically, economically, and religiously. Excessive taxation, denial of educational and religious freedoms, and systemic discrimination forced many Muslims to migrate or live under severe hardship.

The 20th century saw the emergence of political awareness among Kashmiris, fueled by the efforts of leaders like Allama Iqbal and various local movements. Significant events such as the 1931 protests and the formation of the All India Kashmir Committee marked the rise of the Kashmiri freedom movement. Despite brief unity under the All Jammu and Kashmir Conference, political divisions emerged, particularly between Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas's revived Muslim Conference.

In 1946, widespread rebellion broke out against the Dogra regime, with several areas being liberated by local fighters. As the British announced the partition of India, Muslim-majority regions were to join Pakistan. However, Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of Kashmir, delayed accession, fearing the state's likely integration into Pakistan. Although Pakistan agreed to a standstill agreement, India did not respond and allegedly plotted Kashmir’s annexation. These historical events set the foundation for the unresolved Kashmir dispute, which continues to affect regional peace and stability to this day.

کارل مارکس کی نظریاتی تھیوری (مارکسی تصورات اور اردو ادب کی سماجی تشکیل)

ڈاکٹر وقار احمد; روبینہ شاہین, ارشاد بی بی — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Marxism is not just a theory, but also a social and economic system. Its basic element is not just science, but also some important values. If we examine it, it is not just a collection of scientific laws, such as Einstein's theory of relativity or the laws of physics, but it is also a bearer of extremely important values of human life. It is not an unchanging or rigid system; rather, its concepts undergo constant transformation throughout their existence. One of the fundamental principles of Marxism is how we perceive things and each other. Marx also stated that nothing is permanent or eternal, and nothing is absolute or sacred. We cannot call Marxism a roadmap for the future, nor can we reorganize our present society based solely on it. It is neither a form of government nor does it believe in a state that governs every aspect of our lives. Karl Marx's ideological theory reveals the conflict between the skilled and the bourgeois classes. According to Karl Marx, the real cause of all the deprivations of the working class is the capitalist system, which is ruthless because the capitalist has complete control over ownership and the means of production. Therefore, the status of the worker is that of a part, and as long as he is capable of work, he is used, and when his organs become weak, he is excluded from this production system. By taking advantage of this division, capitalism also influences economic, social, moral, and diplomatic systems.