Me'yar معیار

جدیدیت کے تناظر میں اسد محمد خان کے افسانوں کا فکری و فنی مطالعہ

2024-10-31T06:42:52+05:00

Asad Muhammad Khan's fiction explores modernity through symbolism, abstraction, and mythology, navigating tensions between tradition and innovation in contemporary Pakistani culture. His use of symbolism and abstraction challenges readers to question their assumptions, while his incorporation of mythological themes adds depth to his exploration of modernity, revealing contradictions and paradoxes of modern existence.

This study examines Asad Muhammad Khan's literary style and themes, situating his works within the broader context of modernist literature. It reveals how his fictions reflect and refract the complexities of modernity, offering a profound and thought-provoking exploration that challenges readers to rethink their assumptions about the world and their place within it.

آداب معاشرت اور تہذیب نسواں کی مصنفین کی سماجی آگہی

2024-09-02T05:22:54+05:00

The women who wrote in the Tehzib i Niswan were well aware of the social conditions and time requirements of their era. They knew that if they were not familiar with the modern trends, the women here would be left behind from the women of other nations. And due to the ignorance and unconsciousness of these women, there was also the possibility of weakening their national and country development. He also trained the Indian teachers on the same basis to make them a conscious member of the society who can cope with the demands of the time and can also train their children in a better way. These authors introduced the women to their religious rights and duties. And also explained the importance of their important role as an individual in the society. While the rest of the class was affected by modernity, Indian women also had a deep impact and they abandoned religious teachings and Islamic traditions and adopted new trends. These writers stressed the importance of living according to the Islamic rules.

تصور مرشد کامل: حضرت سلطان باہو اور اقبال کی نظر میں

2024-09-02T05:24:03+05:00

The land of subcontinent has always had the honor of not only having great poets and writers but Sufis and Mystics also came from different parts of the world and made their home here and some of them belonged to this region like Hazrat Sultan Bahoo .Who belonged to Shorkot Punjab . He wrote one and fifty books out of which only one book is in Punjabi language .All other books are written in Persian language .In all of sultan Bahoo ‘s writings ,the one topic that is most seen among other topics is that of Concept of Murshid e kamil and similarly Allama Iqbal had a great love for his mentor Maulana Rumi who is one of the great poets of Persian language .Perhaps this is the reason why Iqbal considered him as his follower Murshid which he seems to be mentioning through various poems.

سانحہ ۸ اکتوبر ۲۰۰۵ء اور شعری ادبیات : آزاد کشمیر کے تناظر میں

2024-09-02T05:25:07+05:00

The October 8, 2005 earthquake in Kashmir was a devastating event that resulted in significant loss of life and property. In the aftermath of the disaster, poets and writers in Azad Kashmir responded with a surge of creative expression, using their words to process the trauma, grief, and resilience of the Kashmiri people.Resistance literature in this context took on a new meaning, as poets wrote about the disaster, the response of the government and international community, and the struggles of the people to rebuild and recover. It also highlighted the importance of solidarity and support from the international community in times of crisisTragedy of 8^th Oct, 2005 is the most catastrophic tragic event in the fold of national history, in which almost one lakh Unfortunate persons perished. Thousands were wounded and thousands were partially mutilated. Under the influence such a moving events Urdu literature was nourished and especially in poetry, a troubled and agonized tale was composed in poetry. As beside other areas of the country, larger parts of Hazara and Kashmir were affected by this tragedy, therefore poets of these regions were in fore front. The poet of Azad Kashmir saw this whole scene with his own eyes and was also affected. He buried his loved ones, his loved ones and other people of his city with his hands. Circumstances and events were such and the sound of death was such that the dead bodies continued to be buried without burial. It is not even known who was buried where. The poets have shed tears on this fateful scene and the memories associated with this tragedy. He participated in the pain and grief of the survivors and offered prayers along with expressing grief and sorrow. By giving them the good news of good days, they have also been taught to be determined and optimistic so that they can get out of the grip of grief and heartbreak conditions and start anew by following the formula that life will smile again. Can Influenced by all these situations, the poet present the painful story in the form of poetry? The effects of this pain and anguish have also been compiled on Urdu poetry and thus this tragedy has created diversity in the themes of Urdu poetry of Azad Kashmir.

علم الاشتقاق : نظریاتی مباحث

2024-09-02T05:26:10+05:00

Etymology is the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. It is a subfield of historical linguistic, Philology and semiotics, and it draws upon semantic, pragmatics, phonetics and morphology in order to construct a chronological catalogue of all meanings that a morpheme, phoneme, word, or sign has carried across. it is a part of historical linguistic. Etymologists defined its principles and ways of research. Etymology is a serious and interesting study of words history and has its importance related lexicography and lexicology. Usually dictionaries and glossaries suppose to give little etymological information of their entries but they cannot hold serious etymological discussions except specialized etymological glossaries. There are four methods of etymology which are described in this article (philology, dialectology, comparative method, semantic change). Etymologists and linguistic experts also described the problems and principles of etymological research. Some of them are related to research procedure and some are with presentation of research results.

پنجابی لوک ادب کی روایت: تنقیدی جائزہ

2024-09-02T05:27:11+05:00

Folk Literature is the body of expressive culture including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history and superstitions. The Province of Punjab is enriched with folk Literature. This folk Literature reflects the culture, civilization and rituals of Punjab. It is a tragic situation because Punjab folk literature is in danger of dying out. Its main reason is that people are not interested in it due to the advancement of modern technology. Folk Literature helps us to understand the cultural and moral values of other people .It represents the colours of human life as passing from person to person or generation to generation. This article will highlight the importance of folk literature and will also search the causes of its demise.

اردو داستان : قصہ گوئی سے ڈرامائی تشکیل تک

2024-09-02T05:28:12+05:00

Urdu dastan is a lost art form of storytelling which was once most popular among the masses. Man’s interest in story and his attachment to storytelling is a fact of his collective life which history has also acknowledged. Dastan was a part of entertainment and a celebration of man’s achievements, in which he faced and triumphed over the conflicting forces of the environment. Urdu Dastan writing started in 1635 with MullaWajhi’sDastan “Sab Ras”. However, Urdu Dastan Goi gained public popularity and fame in the nineteenth century and had become a regular art form of storytelling. During this era, many Dastan Writers and Dastan Go appeared who not only narrated these dastans in various palaces, gatherings and public points but also acted when needed. Dramatization in Urdu literature started much later and when it started, the art of dastan goi ended. In the 20^th century, the Urdu dastan declared obsolete due to industrial development and realistic tendencies. Some schools of Urdu criticism were considering that the revival of Urdu dastan in future might not be possible. In the 21^st century, there seems to be a revival of Urdu dastan. In the current era, there is a trend of innovation through themes like science fiction and magical realism in film and drama. In addition, the stories told in the ancient era are being dramatized by means of media, which is smoothing the atmosphere for the dramatization of Urdu dastan. This research studies the nature and forms of storytelling in the classical period of Urdu dastan and to determine the reasons why the dastans are not dramatized in the classical period. This research is also an analysis of all the efforts, aspects, and possibilities of the revival of the dastan in the present time.

بابو گوپی ناتھ: ذولسانی تجزیہ

2024-09-02T05:29:10+05:00

Saadat Hassan Manto is one of the greatest Urdu short story writer of the twentieth century in the Indo Pakistan sub-continent. Born in the colonial period, his literary pursuits reflect the culture, customs, language and traditions of the prevalent society. Manto has the singular honour of being renowned short story writer of colonial as well as postcolonial period. Homi K. Bhabha is a well-known postcolonial theorist and has extensively dilated his concepts of Mimicry, Ambivalence and Hybridity etc. Manto’s short story Babu Gopi Nath has been analyzed in the past from diverse and multiple perspectives of socio-economic, cultural, historical aspects etc. In this article an endeavour has been made to analyze this short story under the lens of theory of Bhabha s Mimicry, Ambivalence and Hybridity thus exploring yet another dimension of Manto’s literary works. This is a new vista of critique from Bhabha’s theory and bi-lingual analysis which further enhances significance of this article.

اقبال کی غزل کا فنی اور تکنیکی مطالعہ

2024-09-02T05:30:12+05:00

Allama Muhammad Iqbal was one of the most prominent philosophers and poets of the 20th century. He not only addressed the cultural, social, political and economic problems of his era but also offered several suggestions for their solution. He played a very important role in awakening the Muslim Ummah in general and the Muslims of Pakistan and India in particular from the slumber. Usually he denies that he is a poet in his poems and essays and says that I use poetry as a tool to convey some moral message. This is probably because some people Apart from the message, they did not just describe the virtues of poetry.The fact is that he was an unchanging poet of Urdu and Persian. He introduced new language, new poetic forms and new styles. His poetry has many technical and technical qualities that are unique to him. Allegories, metaphors, allusions and signs were given a new color by his innovative abilities. This article examines the technical and technical features of his ghazals and points out the lyrical aspects, the use of which distinguishes his ghazals from traditional and contemporary ghazals.

دبستان دکن کی دو اولین شاعرات لطف النسا امیتاز اور ماہ لقا بائی چندا: تقابلی جائزہ

2024-09-02T05:48:56+05:00

An interesting study in Urdu literature is also to determine the priority of creators of different genres. That is, who is the first chronicler of Urdu literature, the first poet, the first fiction writer, the first novelist, the first critic? Sometimes the years and even the dates are so close in them that during arguments. Researchers, critics and historians sometimes resort to the history of creation, the history of publication, comparative study to prove their point of view. For example, Masood Saad Salman and after him Wali is said to be the first poet. But when Dr. Syed Mohi-ud-Din Qadri Zor compiled Kulliyat e Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, then Muhammad Quli was declared as the first Urdu poet in chronological order.

In this background, when we turn to the history of Urdu literature to determine the first Sahib-e-Diwan poetess, we do not have to face any difficulty because as Dr. Ahmad Ali Shakeel discovered and compiled Luft un Nisa Imtiaz, published in 2004 from Hyderabad Deccan. Shafqat Rizvi had previously compiled Dewan e Mah Laqa Bai Chanda which was published in 1990 by Majlis-i Tarqi Adab Lahore.

Kulliyat e Imtiaz was prepared in 1212 AD as Deewan e Chanda in 1213 AD. Both Poetesses belong to Deccan; their language is not familiar for today’s literature reader. Both have their own characteristics of poetry and personality. Chanda has a deewan consists only of Ghazaliat but Imtiaz has a variety of genre such as Ghazal, nazm, masnavi, Qasaaed, Rybayat etc. They have different family background. In this article the scholar has presented a coparative study of both poetesses describing their life and poetry.