Maishanu, Hamza Muhammad, and Isa Muhammad Maishanu. “THE JIHAD AND THE FORMATION OF THE SOKOTO CALIPHATE”. Islamic Studies 38, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 119-131. Accessed January 15, 2025. http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/ojs/index.php/islamicstudies/article/view/6121.