Sarwar, Ghulam. “IBRAHEEM SULAIMAN. THE ISLAMIC STATE AND THE CHALLENGE OF HISTORY: IDEALS, POLICIES AND OPERATION OF THE SOKOTO CALIPHATE”. Islamic Studies 28, no. 01 (March 31, 1989): 87–89. Accessed December 7, 2025. http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/ojs/index.php/islamicstudies/article/view/5373.