AL-AHSAN, A. The Clash of Civilizations Thesis and Muslims: The Search for an Alternative Paradigm. Islamic Studies, [S. l.], v. 48, n. 2, p. 189–217, 2009. DOI: 10.52541/isiri.v48i2.4131. Disponível em: http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/ojs/index.php/islamicstudies/article/view/4131. Acesso em: 6 dec. 2025.