IFRAQ, T. Doctrine of Hijrah and Emergence of Muslim Communities in the West. Islamic Studies, [S. l.], v. 63, n. 3, p. 335–355, 2024. DOI: 10.52541/isiri.v63i3.3362. Disponível em: http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/ojs/index.php/islamicstudies/article/view/3362. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.