The Genesis of the Fatimid Vizierate and its Modus Operandi

Abstract

The vizier, a pivotal figure in Islamic political history, has often been overlooked in the context of the Fatimid Caliphate (297-567/909-1171). While the institution of the vizierate was widespread among Islamic dynasties, its presence and influence within the Fatimid state appear to be inconsistent. Notably, primary and secondary sources on the Fatimid period before 362/969 make no mention of viziers,  suggesting an absolute absence in the role of the office. In contrast, the Fatimid sources of Egypt frequently reference viziers, indicating a significant shift in the institution’s prominence. This paper focuses on the genesis of the Fatimid vizierate, emphasizing its development into a central administrative institution within the Fatimid Caliphate. Through a critical analysis of primary sources, including administrative records and contemporary Fatimid accounts, this study traces the vizierate’s origins and tracks its institutional growth right from the start of Fatimid rule in Maghrib (297-362/909-969) and its later developments in Egypt (362-567/969-1171). It also distinguishes between the vizier as a title and the vizierate as an institution, highlighting how the connotations of both evolved over time. By contextualizing administrative apparatuses with contemporary political milieus, and comparing similar events in other Islamic dynasties, this research offers new insights into the vizierate’s foundation in the Fatimid Dynasty.