FIKR-O NAZAR فکر ونظر

کارپس قرآنیکم: تعارف و تجزیہ

Muhammad Samiullah — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Western studies of Quran have recently advanced ahead from individual research on Quran by shifting it into institutional framework. A number of research projects have been started mostly in Germany that have multiple objectives with regard to studying the history of Qur’anic text. Coranica, one of the two main projects, aims at tracking the historical development of the canonization of the Qur’anic text through study of material evidence like early Arabic correspondence, legal contracts and amulets on the one hand and analyzing the linguistic and religious milieu of the Qur’anic revelations and its impact on the Qur’anic lexicon on the other. The objective of Corpus Coranicum, the other main project, is to compile the material evidence for the history of Qur’anic text like oldest extant manuscripts, Texts from the environment of the Quran and variant readings into a database that would serve as the Critical Edition of Quran. Other minor projects like Amari, Paleocoran and IranCoran are meant to supplement the two main projects particularly Corpus Coranicum through easing up access to oldest Qur’anic manuscripts and their paleographic study. Modern scientific tools like Radiocarbon dating are also employed by these projects to determine the age of old manuscripts. This article discusses the history, motives, methodology, and organizational frame work of contemporary German projects on Qur’anic text. This study will acquaint and provide an academic foundation to the scholars regarding Western academic contributions and critiques on textual studies of Quran.

ففتھ جنریشن وار کا دفاع قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں

Muhammad Attique, Manzoor Ahmad al-Azhari — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Fifth Generation Warfare (5GW), encompassing information warfare, cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, and psychological operations, has emerged as a dominant and multifaceted threat in contemporary global conflicts. This paper investigates the permissibility, limits, and ethical considerations of 5GW within the paradigm of Islamic thought, drawing upon the primary sources of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. Central to the analysis is the Islamic doctrine of jihād, the right to self-defence, and the moral obligation to protect the integrity and security of the Muslim ummah. The study critically examines selected Qur’ānic injunctions and Prophetic precedents that reflect the strategic use of non conventional methods in the face of aggression, while also highlighting Islam’s uncompromising emphasis on justice (ʿadl), truthfulness (ṣidq), and the inviolability of innocent life. Recognizing the inherent dangers of 5GW—particularly its potential to deceive, manipulate, and harm noncombatants— the paper proposes a principled framework for its ethical deployment. This includes criteria such as the legitimacy of the cause, proportionality, minimal collateral damage, and consistency with Islamic legal and moral boundaries. It also encourages the integration of international humanitarian standards where they do not conflict with Sharīʿah. The study concludes that, while 5GW tactics may be conditionally justified for defence against unjust aggression, their use must remain rigorously anchored in Islamic ethical guidelines to ensure moral integrity in asymmetrical warfare.

کریڈٹ کارڈ کا شرعی حکم:فیصل اسلامی نور کارڈ کا خصوصی مطالعہ

Muhammad Usman Younas, Muhammad Asghar Shahzad — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Islamic banks are increasingly developing products that cater to modern financial needs while upholding Islamic principles. The Faysal Islami Noor Card, Pakistan’s second Sharīʿah-compliant alternative to conventional credit cards, marks a significant milestone in this endeavor. This paper presents a comprehensive Sharīʿah analysis of conventional credit cards and the Faysal Islami Noor Card. The study is structured in two parts: the first part examines Sharīʿah guidelines on conventional credit cards, drawing from the proceedings, standards, and Fatwas of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy, the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), and renowned Darul Ifā. The second part evaluates the Faysal Islami Noor Card in light of Sharīʿah principles. Using qualitative methods and content analysis technique, the researchs provide a detailed understanding of the card's compliance and practical implications. The paper concludes that the use of conventional credit cards is impermissible in Sharīʿah, while the Faysal Islami Noor Card, based on tawarruq, offers a permissible alternative. However, it emphasizes that tawarruq, according to fiqh literature, is not a mode of finance but a Makhrij (a legal stratagem), and suggests several improvements to enhance the Sharīʿah compliance of the Faysal Islami Noor Card.

مولانا وحید الدین خان کامسلم مفکرین و علماء پر نقد: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Hasnain Khalid — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Maulānaā Waḥīduddīn Khān (1925–2021) emerged as a prominent Islamic scholar of the 20th century, initially influenced by the intellectual paradigm of Maulana Abul A‘la Maududi. However, over time, he diverged sharply from Maududi’s ideological trajectory and became a persistent critic of his thought until his death. Throughout his career, Maulana Khan produced a substantial corpus of religious literature that reflects his evolving theological and intellectual positions. After distancing himself from Maududi, he briefly affiliated with the Tablighi Jamaat, followed by a short-lived association with Maulana Syed Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi, before ultimately adopting an independent path of religious engagement. In his later writings, Maulana Khan often positioned himself in contrast to both contemporary and classical scholars, presenting his interpretations as distinct and, at times, singularly authoritative. This study critically examines Maulānaā Khān’s polemical discourse, particularly
his critiques of other religious figures, to better understand the epistemological and hermeneutical foundations of his religious thought. The focus remains on his ideological positions rather than personal polemics, offering an analysis of how his critiques served to construct and legitimize his own interpretive framework within modern Islamic discourse.

مناقب فخریہ :تعارف و اہمیت

Uzma Aziz Khan — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

The article presents a critical academic examination of Manāqib-i Fakhriyyah, the only surviving Persian prose work authored by Nawwāb ʿImād al-Mulk Ghāzī al-Dīn Khān Niẓām (d. 1215 AH / 1795 CE), a distinguished political, intellectual, and spiritual figure of 18th-century South Asia. As a devoted disciple and khalīfa of Khwāja Fakhr-i Jahān Dihlawī (d. 1199 AH / 1784 CE), a prominent Shaykh of the Chishtī-Niẓāmī Sufi order, Niẓām composed this five-chapter tadhkirah to document the life, teachings, spiritual lineage, and mystical experiences of his master. The text not only highlights Fakhr-e Jahān's personal and spiritual attributes, his mystical states (aḥwāl), and miracles (karāmāt), but also contextualizes the Chishtī-Niẓāmī tradition within the sociopolitical and literary fabric of late Mughal India. This research explores both the historical significance and the literary elegance of Manāqib-i Fakhriyyah, arguing that the work fills critical gaps in existing biographical and hagiographical records of the Chishtī Silsila. The article underscores the unique eyewitness authority of the author, offering firsthand insights into Sufi pedagogy, samāʿ practices, and spiritual discipline. Additionally, the study reveals how the text preserves underexplored facets of Indo-Islamic culture, especially the intertwined roles of political power, poetic expression, and mystical devotion. Through detailed content analysis and contextual interpretation, this paper affirms the enduring value of Manāqib-i Fakhriyyah as a key historical source for understanding the evolution of South Asian Sufism, particularly the Chishtī-Niẓāmī branch.