فتوی میں جدید طبی تحقیقات کے اثرات: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Implications of Modern Medical Research for Fatwā: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This article explores the pivotal role of modern medical research in shaping contemporary fatwā (Islamic legal verdicts), emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration between Islamic jurisprudence and medical science. Drawing upon classical and contemporary sources, the study underscores that a valid fatwā necessitates not only a robust understanding of Islamic legal principles (Fiqh al-Sharʿ) but also a deep grasp of contextual realities (Fiqh al-Wāqiʿ), which increasingly demand medical expertise. The author elaborates on the jurisprudential rationale for incorporating expert medical opinions in fatwā formulation, supported by Qur’ānic injunctions, prophetic traditions, and scholarly consensus. The article categorizes the multifaceted implications of medical advancements—ranging from biological and genetic developments to emergency interventions—highlighting cases such as organ transplantation, artificial insemination, and the permissibility of certain medical procedures during fasting. The study further illustrates how evolving scientific knowledge can lead to the re-evaluation of earlier legal positions, provided that such updates are substantiated through authoritative and credible research. It concludes by advocating for enhanced collaboration between fuqahāʾ and physicians and the institutionalization of modern scientific literacy within Islamic legal education to meet the demands of emerging biomedical ethics and jurisprudential challenges.