اُردو بائبل اور اُس کا تصورِ جنہم اِرتقائی مراحل
Abstract
Urdu language emerged in 14th century in India with Urdu poetry while its earliest prose appeared in 16th century. European traders, who came to India, used it for their business and political objectives whereas Christian missionaries made it a basic means for evangelization. They preached Christianity by producing their literature in Urdu language, and by preparing books of Urdu grammar, dictionaries, and publishing it in their printing presses in India. While translating Bible into Indian languages, they largely focused on Urdu language from 1739 to 2010, this activity has gone through a number of evolutionary stages. The translators of the Bible into Urdu faced a number of problems. Besides the difficulty of differing Hebrew and Greek texts, there were also problems of the target languages particularly Urdu. Moreover, they came under the influence of the prior works of biblical translations in Arabic and Persian languages, and they could not escape from the Biblical criticism as well. Keeping in view these factors, this paper explores answers to the following questions: What were the evolutionary stages in the process of Urdu translations of the Bible? What were the needs and
causes of producing various Urdu translations? If we take the theme of Hell in the Bible as an example, which and how many terms were selected to render it into Urdu language? How much has this concept changed during the period between 1739 and2010? This analysis helps us to understand how divine Message has beeninfluenced by human understanding during process of rendering۔
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”فکرونظر“ میں شائع ہونے والی نگارشات کا حق اشاعت
”فکرونظر“ میں مقالے کی اشاعت سے پہلے مقالہ نگار کو اپنی نگارشات کا حق اشاعت ادارہ تحقیقات اسلامی، بین الاقوامی اسلامی یونیورسٹی، اسلام آبا د کو تفویض کرنا ہوگا۔ یہ عمل ادارے کے لیے نہ صرف کاپی رائٹ حقوق کی حفاظت یقینی بناتا ہے بلکہ اس کے ذریعے ادارے کے لیے مقالات اور مجلے کی اشاعت، پرنٹ اور الیکٹرانک ہر دو صورتوں میں، زیادہ سے زیادہ قارئین تک ممکن ہوتی ہے۔ علاوہ ازیں، مقالہ نگاران اگر کسی دوسرے مصدر/ مرجع سے کوئی جدول، خاکہ یا اقتباس نقل کر رہے ہیں تو اس کی پیشگی اجازت حاصل کرنا ضروری ہوگا۔ اس کا اطلاق بلاواسطہ یا بالواسطہ ہر دو قسم کی نقل پر ہوگا۔
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
