امام غزالی: شخصیت و افکار
Imam Ghazali: Biography and Thoughts
Abstract
This research article intricately examines the evolution of Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali's jurisprudential thought within the expansive framework of Islamic intellectual history. Ghazali's intellectual journey unfolds through five discernible phases, initiating with steadfast adherence to the Shāfʿī school and progressing towards a nuanced integration of ethical perspectives, profoundly influenced by mysticism. Beyond Ghazali's recognized juristic prowess, particular attention is devoted to his Sufi phase, emphasizing the ethical dimensions inherent in religious teachings. A focal point is Ghazali's magnum opus, Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn, a work that advocates for a profound reevaluation of disciplines such as law, theology, and ethics, emphasizing the centrality of self-transformation and piety within the realm of jurisprudence. Pioneering the discourse on the intentions (maqāṣid) of Sharīʿa, Ghazali aligns these intentions with the utilitarian principle of maṣlaḥa, grounding his ethical framework in values revealed by the Islamic tradition. Despite his endorsement of purposive reasoning, Ghazali exhibits judicious caution, emphasizing alignment with established legal practices. This research article sheds light on Ghazali's enduring legacy as a jurist, scholar, and mystic, unveiling his profound impact on the Shāfʿī school and his groundbreaking discourse on the ethical dimensions inherent in Islamic jurisprudence. Ghazali's pervasive influence reverberates within Islamic intellectual spheres and extends to broader academic discourse.
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