الأحاديث التي أعلها الإمام الدارقطني بالتفرد في كتابه الغرائب والأفراد دراسة تطبيقية
Prophetic Traditions Declared Muallal by al-Daraqutni due to Their Exclusive Narration in His al-Gharaib and al-Afrad
Abstract
The paper aims to study those clues with the help of which al-Dāraquṭnī determines a hidden defect (ʻillah) in the Prophetic traditions. The paper explains the meaning of ʻillah and types of tafarrud along with the relation of the latter with the former. Then, it mentions the clues that make a Prophetic tradition of a single narrator muallal (defective), such as the single narrator is known to be majruh (discredited), the class of narrators in which the tafarrud happened belongs to a much later period, or the chain of transmission is very rare, etc. The article concludes that clues can be discovered after examining narrations and collecting their chains extensively and that tafarrud is an implication of ʻillah and not its evidence. Furthermore, there should be accuracy in the narrator’s competence with his teacher when judging his tafarrud. An important point is that the standard of acceptance and rejection with respect to tafarrud is not a narrator’s trustworthiness or weakness. Rather, it varies according to the evidence and clues.
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