Cultural Diversity in Higher Education Benefits and Challenges

  • Asad Abbas Rizvi International Islamic University, Islamabad
  • Manzar Abbas Naqvi Lahore Leads University, Lahore
  • Mehwish Batool University of Sargodha

Abstract

Diversity is a symbol of life everywhere including educational settings. The present study was aimed to find out the benefits and challenges for inclusion of diversity in higher education. It was a qualitative study, and document analysis was used as method of inquiry .The population comprises selected documents related to cultural diversity in higher education. Theoretical sampling was used as sampling method. It was found that there were many advantages of diversity including students satisfaction and inter and intra-cultural acceptance. It was also found that the biggest challenge for diversity its acceptance. The biggest challenges are its acceptance and taking it as a burden. It was recommended that there is a need for acceptance of Diversity at all levels and inclusion of multicultural education in teacher education program.

Author Biographies

Asad Abbas Rizvi, International Islamic University, Islamabad
Assistant Professor, Department of Education
Manzar Abbas Naqvi, Lahore Leads University, Lahore
Assistant Professor
Mehwish Batool, University of Sargodha
Research Scholar

References

American Council on Education (2012) On the Importance of Diversity in Higher Education Retrieved on 22-12-15 from http://www.acenet.edu/news- room/Documents/BoardDiversityStatement-June2012.pdf

Association of American Universities. (1997). On the importance of diversity in university admissions. The New York Times, April 24, A27. Retrieved on 4-1-16 from http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/v43/n35/aau.html

Athena Brand Wisdom (n.d) Semiotic Analysis Retrieved on 14-2-16 from http://www.athenabrand.com/what-we-do/semiotic-analysis

Banks, J. & Banks, C. M. (1995). "Equity Pedagogy: An Essential Component of Multicultural Education." Theory into Practice 34:152–158.

Banks, J. (2009). The Routledge international companion to multicultural education. New York: Routledge.

Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. (2004). Issues in Teacher Education and Practice In J. Banks (Ed.), Handbook of research on multicultural education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Banks, J.A and Banks C. M. (2005). Improving Multicultural Education: Lessons from the Intergroup Education Movement. New York: Teachers College Press

Berry, J. Phinney, J. Sam, D., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts. NJ: Mahwah, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Bikson, T. K., & Law, S. A. (1994). Global preparedness and human resources: College and corporate perspectives. Santa Monica, CA: Rand

Bowen, W. G., & Bok, D. C. (1998). The shape of the river: Long-term consequences of considering race in college and university admissions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Chang, M. J. (1999). Does racial diversity matter? The educational impact of a racially diverse Journal of College Student Development 40(4):377-395 • December 1969 Retrieved on 22- 12-15

Cochran-Smith Banks James, Marilyn, Luis Moll, Anna Richert, Kenneth Zeichner, Pamela LePage, Linda Darling-Hammond and Helen Duffy with Morva McDonald (2005), Teaching Diverse Learners, in Preparing Teachers for a Changing World: What Teachers should learn and be able to do, eds. L. Darling-Hammond and J. BransfordSan Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 232-274.

Cockrell, K. S., Placier, P. L., Cockrell, D. H., & Middle ton, J. N. (1999). Coming to terms with "diversity" and "multiculturalism" in teacher education: Learning about our students, changing our practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 15, 351-366

Davis, J.A. & Smith, T.R. (1994). General Social Survey [MRDF]. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research

Feldman, K.A., & Newcomb, T.M. (1969). The Impact of College on Students, Volume 1. San Francisco

Florio-Ruane, S. (1994). The future teachers’ autobiography club: Preparing educators to support literacy learning in culturally diverse classrooms. English Education, 26(1), 52-66

Frankel Jack, R,. Wallen, Norman. E. & Hyun, Helen. H. (2011). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education New York: McGraw-Hill.

Gurin, P. (1999). Selections from the Compelling Need for Diversity in Higher Education, Expert Reports in Defense of the University of Michigan. UEEE Equity & Excellence in Educ. Equity & Excellence in Education, 32(2), 36-62. doi:10.1080/1066568990320207

Heath, A. & Cheung, S (Eds.)(2006). Unequal chances; Ethnic minorities in Western labor markets. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Heffernan, C. (2001). The Irish Media and the Lack of Public Debate on New Reproductive Technologies (NRTs) in Ireland. Health: 5(3), 355-371. doi:10.1177/136345930100500305

Ibarra R, (2010). Context Diversity: Reframing Higher Education in the 21st Century retrieved from http://compact.org/resource-posts/context-diversity-reframing-higher-education-in- the-21st-century

Ibarra, R., (1999.) Multicontextuality: A New Perspective on Minority Underrepresentation in SEM Academic Fields, Research News on Minority Graduate Education. Making Strides, (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 1(3), 1-9

Ibarra, R.. (1999). Studying Latinos in a “Virtual” University: Reframing Diversity and Academic Culture Change. Julian Samora Research Institute, Occasional Paper, No. 48, October, proceedings from Latinos, the Internet, and the Telecommunication Revolution, East

Johnson, L., & Joshee, R. (2007). Multicultural education policies in Canada and the United States. Vancouver: UBC Press

Joseph K (2014), The hidden benefits of diversity in higher education American Renaissance, July Retrieved from http://www.amren.com/news/2014/07/the-hidden-benefits-of-diversity-in- higher-education/

Joshee R, Sihra K., (2009.). Religion Culture and Language in India. In The Rutledge International Companion to Multicultural Education. Sage

Kuh, G., Schuh, J.S., Whitt, E.J., Andreas, R.E., Lyons, J.W., Strange, C.C., Krehbiel, L.E., & MacKay, K.A. (1991). Involving colleges: Successful approaches to fostering student learning and personal development outside the classroom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Labs, C (2011). Administration Methods' Modified 7 October 2011, Retrieved on 12-2-16 https://www.studentvoice.com/app/wiki/Methods%20of%20Assessment%20Distribution. ashx?NoRedirect=1

Levinson, M. (2009). 'Mapping Multicultural Education' in Harvey Seigel, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education (Oxford University Press)

Liu, G. (1998). Affirmative Action in Higher Education: The Diversity Rationale and the Compelling Interest Test. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. 33, 381-442.

Milem, J.F. (2003). The educational benefits of diversity: Evidence from multiple sectors.In M. Chang, D. Witt, J. Jones, & K. Hakuta (Eds.). Compelling Interest: Examining the evidence on racial dynamics in higher education. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 126-169 on 14-2-16 from http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/khakuta/policy/racial_dynamics/Chapter5.pdf

Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.

Pedersen, P. (1997). Culture-centered counseling interventions. Thousand Oaks: Sage

Pettigrew, T.(1998). Reactions to the new minorities of Western Europe. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 77-103. Publications

Sleeter, C. E., & Grant, C. A. (2007). Making choices for multicultural education: Five approaches to race, class, and gender New York Merrill Publishing Company

Smith, P. B. & Bond, M. H. (1998). Social Psychology across Cultures. London, Prentice Hall Europe

Tanaka, G. K. (1996). The Impact of Multiculturalism on White Students (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), University of California, Los Angeles.

Published
2019-01-02