DEVELOPING A RELIABLE AND VALID QUESTIONNAIRE ON COURSES’ EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN
Abstract
This study was designed to make a self-structured survey questionnaire reliable and valid. It is considered that in a study a precise, reliable and valid instrumentation is important step to collect the required information for that study. Therefore, a self-made questionnaire that was designed to measure university students’ satisfaction on their courses experiences at university level in Pakistan was made reliable and valid. Reliability of the questionnaire was assured by using Cronbach’s formula on finding alpha values (internal consistency method) and inter-item correlation (relationship among items). Validity was assured (convergent and concurrent) by finding correlation values among items using Spearman’s formula. It took three steps to bring the questionnaire into final shape. In the final version of the questionnaire after deleting one statement and changing the sequence of another all the values of remaining items were found within acceptable range. Thus, the instrument after becoming reliable and valid was ready to use in a study only in Pakistan.
References
Adair, J. (2007). The art of creative thinking, London: Kogan Page.
Ali, A. (2005). A Study of the Academic Functioning of the Universities in Pakistan (PhD Thesis). Sargodha University, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Aldridge, S., & Rowley, J. (1998). Measuring customer satisfaction in higher education. Quality Assurance In Education, 6(4), 197-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684889810242182
Anthony, D. (2011). Statistics for Health, Life and social Sciences. London Business School, Regent’s Park
Best, W. J., & Kahn, V. J. (2006). Research in Education. New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall of India (Pvt).
Cohen, L., Manion, R., & Morrison, K. (2012). Research Methods in Education (6th ed). New York: Rutledge.
Corbett, P. (2003). Social Research: Theories, Methods and Practices. Thousand Oak, London: Sage Publishers.
Creswell, J.W. (2009). Understanding Mix Method Research. Thousand Oak, London: Sage Publishers.
Csikszentmihalyi, M (2006). Developing Creativity in Higher Education: Developing creativity (Ed). USA: Routledge.
Din, M. (2009). A Study in Indices of Discrepancy between Students’ Learning Styles and Their Actual Grade Achievement at Masters’ Level (PhD Thesis). NUML University, Islamabad-Pakistan.
Douglas, J., Douglas, A., & Barnes, B. (2006). Measuring student satisfaction at a UK university. Quality Assurance in Education, 14(3), 251-267.
Feldmann, I., List, T., John, M., & Bondemark, L. (2007). Reliability of a Questionnaire Assessing Experiences of Adolescents in Orthodontic Treatment. The Angle Orthodontist, 77(2), 311-317.
Field, A. (2006). Discovering Statistics by Using SPSS. London: Sage Publishers.
Fraenkle, R. J., Wallen, E. N., & Hyun, H. H. (2006). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. NewYork: McGraw Hill.
Fry, H., Ketteridge, S., & Marshall, S. (2004). A handbook for teaching & learning in higher education. New Delhi: Crest Publishing House.
Guillemin, I. (2008). Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a new short Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire (VSRQ©) for health-related quality of life assessment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/copd.s4325
Hinton, R P. (2004). Statistics Explained (2nd ed). New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Huang, F. (2007). Internationalization of Higher Education in the Developing and Emerging Countries: A Focus on Transnational Higher Education in Asia. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 421-432.
Iqbal, A. (2004). Problems and Prospects of Higher Education in Pakistan (PhD Thesis). Arid University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Jackson, N. (2006). Developing Creativity in Higher Education; imagining a different world. USA: Routledge.
Jie Wang, Yan Cui, Bian, R., Mo, Y., HaiDi Wu, & Ling Chen. (2011). Validation of the Chinese version of the Walking Impairment
Questionnaire in patients with both peripheral arterial disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, 8(1), 29-34.
Kember, D., & Leung, D. (2009). Development of a questionnaire for assessing students’ perceptions of the teaching and learning environment and its use in quality assurance. Learning Environments Research, 12(1), 15-29.
Mangubhai, F., Marland, P., Dashwood., A & Son, B. J. (2007). Framing communicative language teaching for better teacher understanding. Journal of Educational Research, 17(1), 85-106.
Marzo‐Navarro, M., Pedraja‐Iglesias, M., & Pilar Rivera‐Torres, M. (2005). Measuring customer satisfaction in summer courses. Quality Assurance in Education, 13(1), 53-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684880510578650
Rubin, A., & Bubbies, R. E. (2005). Research Methods for Social Work. New York: Sage Publishers.
Shirazi, H. J. M. (2004). Analysis of Examination System at University Level in Pakistan. (PhD Thesis). Arid University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Singh, K. Y., & Bajpai, B. R. (2007). Research Methodology: Techniques and Trends: APH Publisher.
Sirkin, M. R. (2006). Statistics for the Social Sciences. California: Sage Publication.
Usman, A. (2010). The Impact of Service Quality on Students’ Satisfaction in Higher Education Institutes of Punjab. Journal of Management Research, 2(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v2i2.418
Utts, J. M., & Heckard, F.R. (2004). Mind on Statistics. Belmont USA: Thomson Books
Vernon, S., Tiro, J., Vojvodic, R., Coan, S., Diamond, P., Greisinger, A., & Fernandez, M. (2008). Reliability and Validity of a Questionnaire to Measure Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors: Does Mode of Survey Administration Matter?. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 17(4), 758-767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2855
Wagenmakers, R., Akker-Scheek, I., Groothoff, J., Zijlstra, W., Bulstra, S., & Kootstra, J. et al. (2008). Reliability and validity of the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) in patients after total hip arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-141
Yasmeen, S (2005). Impact of Higher Education in Understanding of Social Recognition in Women (PhD Thesis). Arid University, Rawalpindi.
All articles published in IJITL are open-access articles published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which allows reproduction, distribution, derives and non-commercial use, provided the original work is cited and authors and publisher are properly identified.
IJITL allows the authors to retain copyright under the CC BY NC license.
