A Comparative Study of the Usage of Open Educational Resources in the E-Learning Universities and Conventional Universities of Pakistan

Darakhshan Muslim; Syeda Aneeeqa Touseef; Muhammad Muslim Raza

doi:10.36261/ijdeel.v4i1.476

Darakhshan Muslim Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
Syeda Aneeeqa Touseef Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
Muhammad Muslim Raza University of Management and Technology, Lahore.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v4i1.476

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find and compare the extent of use of Open Educational Resources (OER), the factors that affect the use of OER and perceptions about the use of OER of teachers of the E-learning Universities and Conventional (Face To Face teaching) Universities of Pakistan. For our study purpose we have included Virtual University as E-learning University and Minhaj University Lahore as conventional university of Pakistan. The data is collected from a sample of 30 respondents from each university using the questionnaire method. Results of the data indicate that teachers have expert technological skills and they use digital and OER resources more in VU than Minhaj University. The teachers of VU also show more positive perceptions about the use of different OER with the lectures as supporting material than the Minhaj University.

Author Biographies

Darakhshan Muslim, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore

Department of Education

Syeda Aneeeqa Touseef, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore

Department of Education

Muhammad Muslim Raza, University of Management and Technology, Lahore.

Department of Quantitative Methods

References

Albright, P. (2005). Open educational resources, open content for higher education: Final Forum Report. Paris: UNESCO.

Arendt, A. M., & Shelton, B. E. (2009). Incentives and disincentives for the use of OpenCourseWare. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(5).

Atkins, D. E., Brown, J. S., & Hammond, A. L. (2007). A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.

Bissell, A. N. (2009). Permission granted: open licensing for educational resources. Open Learning, 24(1), 97-106.

Bliss, T. J., Hilton III, J., Wiley, D., & Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of online open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18(1).

Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111.

Dhanarajan, G., & Porter, D. (2013). Open Educational Resources: An Asian Perspective. Published by Commonwealth of Learning and OER Asia, Vancouver. Available online: http://www. col. org/resources/publications/Pages/detail. Aspx. PID, 441, 30.

Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton III, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-learning, 15(2).

Feldstein, P. J. (2012). Health care economics. Cengage Learning.

Geith, C., & Ignore, K. (2008). Access to Education with Online Learning and Open Educational Resources: Can They Close the Gap? Journal of asynchronous learning networks, 12(1), 105-126.

Hatakka, M. (2009). Build it and they will come?–Inhibiting factors for reuse of open content in developing countries. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 37.

Harsasi, M. (2015). The Use of Open Educational Resources in Online Learning: A Study of Students' Perception. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, v16 n3 p74-87

Hilton III, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 27(3), 265-272.

Johnstone, S. M. (2005). Open educational resources serve the world. Educause Quarterly, 28(3), 15.

Littlejohn, A., Falconer, I. and McGill, L. (2008) 'Characterizing effective eLearning resources'. Computers & Education, 50 (3), pp. 757-771.)

Larson, R. C., & Murray, M. E. (2008). Open Educational Resources for Blended Learning in High Schools: Overcoming Impediments in Developing Countries. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12(1), 85-103.

Long, W. (2009). Review and Prospect: Seven-year Itch of Open Educational Resources. Open Education Research 15(2). International Journal of Distance Education and E- Learning (IJDEEL) Volume IV- Issue I (Dec, 2018)

Lovett, M., Meyer, O., &Thille, C. (2008). JIME-The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008(1).

MacDowell, E., A. (2010). Using Open Educational Resources to Help Students Understand The Sub-Prime Lending Crisis. Journal of Business Education, Vol. 3, No. 11.

Mason, R. (1999). IET's Masters in open and distance education: What have we learned?. CITE REPORT.

Memon, G. R. (2007). Education in Pakistan: The key issues, problems and the new challenges. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(1), 47-55.

MIT. (2006). 2005 program evaluation findings report (pp. 1–138).

Mozelius, P., & Hatakka, M. (2009, October). Conveyor Belt Production of Course Material–a Case Study in Sri Lanka. In 8th European conference on e-Learning, ECEL 2009, 29-30 October, Bari, Italy (pp. 406-412).

OECD (2007) Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources.

Pagram, P., & Pagram, J. (2006). Issues in e-learning: A Thai case study. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 26.

Rehmani, A. (2003). Impact of public examination system on teaching and learning in Pakistan. Retrieved December, 24, 2010

Selinger, M. (2004). Cultural and pedagogical implications of a global e‐learning programme. Cambridge Journal of Education, 34(2), 223-239.

UNESCO (2002). UNESCO Promotes New Initiative for Free Educational Resources on the Internet.

Unicef. UNESCO (2007). A Human Rights-Based Approach to Education for All: A framework for the realization of children’s right to education and rights within education.

Unwin, T. (2005). Towards a Framework for the Use of ICT in Teacher Training in Africa. Open Learning 20, 113-130.

Wiley, D., Hilton III, J. L., Ellington, S., & Hall, T. (2012). A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(3), 262-276.