Role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Education in Empowerment of Youth
Abstract
The main purpose of the study is to examine the role of open and distance learning educational system in empowerment of youth in Pakistan. For the present study, 120 respondents both male and female students of post-graduate programs were recruited through purposive sampling technique. Survey method was used as a technique for data collection. A wellstructured questionnaire was administered to collect information from respondents attending workshops at AllamaIqbal Open University main campus Islamabad. The study showed that ODL is playing very important role in providing education and enhancing youth’ empowerment in especially this three areas, individual autonomy, socio-cultural and economic spheres. It is recommended that curriculum may also be competent enough to meet the futuristic and modern day educational and professional needs of the youth.
References
Achimugu, P., Oluwagbemi, O., &Oluwaranti, A. (2010).An evaluation of the impact of ICT diffusion in Nigeria’s higher educational institutions. Journal of Information Technology Impact, 10(1), 25-34.
Akhter, N. (2014). Effectiveness of Assesment of Distance Teacher Education in Pakistan.(Unpublished Ph. D Dissertation).Islamabad: Preston University Kohat.Bukhsh, Q. (2013). Empowerment of women through distance education in Pakistan.International Women Online Journal of Distance Education, 2(2), 45-60.
Baran, E., Correia, A. P., & Thompson, A. (2011).Transforming online teaching practice: Critical analysis of the literature on the roles and competencies of online teachers. Distance Education, 32(3), 421-439.
The Commonwealth. (2013). Youth Development Index (YDI), Results Report. Available at http://www.youthdevelopmentindex.org/cms/cmsyouth/_images/197918019952385f3219c75.pdf.
Dikshit, H. P. (2003). Growth of Open and Flexible Learning in India: Emerging challenges and prospects. Indian Journal of Open Learning, 12(1/2), 7-16.
Hou, X. (2010). Challenges for Youth Employment in Pakistan: Are They Youth-Specific? The Pakistan Development Review, 49(3), 193-212.
Idowo, P. A., Abimbola, O. I. &Adagunodo, E. R. (2004). A Comparative Study of Information and Communication Technologies at Higher Educational Institutions in Africa: Case Studies from Nigeria & Mozambique. Journal of Information Technology Impact, 4(2), 67-74.
Jarvis, P. (Ed.). (2009). The Routledge international handbook of lifelong learning.Routledge.
Jumani, N. B., Safdar, M., Bhatti, A. J., & Ghazi, S. A. (2013). Women Empowerment through Distance Education in Pakistan.Retrieved from http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/2015.
Kugelman M., and Hathaway R. M. (2011).Reaping The Dividend Overcoming Pakistan’s Demographic Challenges.Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C.
Latchem, C. R. (2014). Informal learning and non-formal education for development. Journal of Learning for Development-JL4D, 1(1).
Latchem, C., & Jung, I. (2009). Distance and blended learning in Asia.Routledge.
Longworth, N. (2003). Lifelong learning in action: Transforming education in the 21st century. Routledge.
McCarthy, K., Brady, M., and Hallman, K. (2016).Investing When It Counts: Reviewing the Evidence and Charting a Course of Research and Action for Very Young Adolescents.Population Council. New York.
McKay, V., & Makhanya, M. (2008). Making it work for the South: Using open and distance learning in the context of development.
Evans, TD, Haughey, M., & Murphy, D.(2008). International handbook of distance education, 29-48.
Munawar, Uzma, Akhtar, Nasreen (2017). Reasons Behind The Selection Of Open And Distance Learning By Women In Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of educational research,20(2), 70-81.
Murray, J., Byrne, D., & Koenig-Visagie, L. (2013). Teaching gender studies via open and distance learning in South Africa. Distance Education, 34(3), 339-352.Olusola, A. J., &Alaba, S. O. (2011). Globalization, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and open/distance learning in Nigeria: Trends, issues and solution. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 12(3).
Perraton, H. (2012). Open and distance learning in the developing world. Routledge.
Reddi, U., &Dighe, A. (2002).Literacy and adult education through distance and open learning. Basic Education at a Distance: World Review of Distance Education and Open Learning, 2, 155.
Sathar, Z. A., Royan, R., &Bongaarts, J. (eds) (2013). Capturing The Demographic Dividend In Pakistan. Islamabad, Pakistan: Population Council.
Selinger, M., & Austin, R. (2003).A comparison of the influence government policy in information and communications technology for teacher training in England and Northern Ireland. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 12(1), 19-38.
Sissel, P. A., Hansman, C. A., &Kasworm, C. E. (2001). The politics of neglect: Adult learners in higher education. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2001(91), 17- 28.
Wadi, D., & Sonia, J. (2002). ICT for Education: Potential and Potency. In W. Haddad & A. Drexler (Eds.), Technologies for Education: Potentials, Parameters, and Prospects (Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development and Paris: UNESCO), pp. 34-37.
Ziguras, C. (2001). Educational technology in transnational higher education in South East Asia: the cultural politics of flexible learning. Educational Technology & Society, 4(4), 8-18.
© By Department of Education (Directorate of Distance Education) International Islamic University Islamabad. IJDEEL by International Islamic University Islamabad is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.iiu.edu.pk. All articles published by IJDEEL are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License . This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited as specified by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.